Welcome to our e-commerce encyclopedia. On this page you can find all definitions.
A concise, no-nonsense glossary for online retail. Each entry goes beyond a definition to include practical guidance you can use immediately.
Scope: Marketing & SEO, Analytics, UX/CRO, Payments, Logistics & Fulfillment, Legal & Privacy, Platforms & Integrations.
Entry template:
- Definition — plain-English summary.
- Why it matters — impact on revenue, cost, or risk.
- How to measure — formula or method (when applicable).
- Use Cases — concrete scenarios (e.g., testing email subject lines to lift opens; comparing landing page layouts to increase sign-ups; evaluating product descriptions to boost sales).
- Tips — actionable best practices (e.g., test one variable at a time; use sufficient sample size; run tests long enough to smooth variability).
- Common Pitfalls — traps to avoid (e.g., unclear goals/metrics; stopping tests too early; ignoring external factors during the test window).
- Related terms — cross-links for deeper context.
Conventions: Short examples, explicit attribution models (e.g., last-click, data-driven), formulas shown like AOV = Revenue ÷ Orders. No unverified benchmarks.
How to use: Browse A–Z or by category, follow cross-links, and use formulas and checklists as quick references. Not legal or accounting advice.
Click a letter to jump to the section.
A
- A/B testing
- AARRR (pirate metrics)
- abandoned cart
- abandoned cart automations
- abandoned search view
- ABC/XYZ inventory analysis
- accessibility (WCAG)
- accessory compatibility
- acquisition funnel optimization
- active customer base
- address auto-complete
- address verification (AVS)
- addressable market (TAM/SAM/SOM)
- affiliate commission tiers
- affiliate cookie duration
- affiliate coupons
- affiliate deep linking
- affiliate marketing (e-commerce)
- affiliate networks
- age-gating
- agile e-commerce development
- always-on campaigns
- AML/KYC in e-commerce
- analytics instrumentation
- annual promo plan
- anti-fraud rules engine
- API rate limiting
- app store optimization (ASO)
- application cache
- application security (OWASP)
- AR try-on / AR view
- assortment optimization
- assortment planning
- authorized reseller
- autocomplete & suggestions
- automated bid management
- automated category creation
- automated margin protection
- automated product tagging
- automated replenishment
- autoscaling
- average order value (AOV)
- average session duration
- average transaction value (ATV)
B
- B2B approval workflows
- B2B bulk ordering
- B2B configurators
- B2B credit terms
- B2B custom price lists
- B2B deferred payments
- B2B e-commerce
- B2B minimum order value
- B2B punch-out integration
- B2B quote management
- B2B recurring orders
- B2B2C
- B2C
- back-in-stock alert
- back-in-stock campaigns
- back-margin agreements
- backlink profile (store)
- backorder
- basket abandonment rate
- basket size optimization
- batch traceability
- behavioral triggers
- benchmark competitors
- bid strategy (PPC) 33.BloomReach integration
- BigQuery export
- Black Friday / Cyber Monday
- BLIK (Poland)
- BNPL (buy now, pay later)
- BOM for bundles
- BOPIS (buy online, pick up in store)
- BORIS (buy online, return in store)
- bounce rate
- bounce rate optimization
- brand awareness campaigns
- brand consistency
- brand equity measurement
- brand guidelines for marketplace
- brand protection
- brand registry (marketplace)
- brand safety
- brand storytelling
- brand tone of voice
- branded search campaigns
- breadcrumb navigation
- breadth vs depth (assortment)
- break-even ROAS
- breakage (gift cards/vouchers)
- brick-and-click
- browse abandonment
- browser caching
- budget allocation model
- budget pacing
- bundling
- business intelligence dashboard
- buy box
- buy box optimization
- buy-box win rate
- buy-one-get-one (BOGO)
- buyer journey mapping
- buyer personas
- buying guide
C
- C2C
- calendar sync for deliveries
- campaign attribution windows
- campaign incrementality
- campaign landing page
- campaign ROI calculator
- cannibalization analysis
- canonical in e-commerce
- card payments
- card tokenization
- carrier integrations
- cart abandonment rate
- cart recovery emails
- cart value building
- cascading discounts
- cash conversion cycle
- cashback
- catalog completeness score
- catalog feed optimization
- catalog mapping
- catalog quality score
- category affinity analysis
- category bestsellers
- category copy
- category cross-sell matrix
- category demand forecasting
- category hero products
- category merchandising rules
- category pagination
- category penetration
- category seasonal index
- category/listing page (PLP)
- CCPA/CPRA
- CDN for e-commerce
- CDP (Customer Data Platform)
- centralized inventory view
- CES (customer effort score)
- channel attribution
- channel conflict management
- channel contribution analysis
- channel margin comparison
- channel mix optimization
- channel-specific pricing
- chargeback
- chat commerce
- checkout abandonment rate
- checkout conversion rate
- checkout field optimization
- checkout friction points
- checkout page speed
- checkout progress indicator
- checkout security badges
- checkout step analysis
- checkout success rate
- churn
- click & collect
- click-through rate (CTR)
- click-to-conversion time
- client acquisition
- client portal
- climate-neutral shipping
- closed-loop attribution
- co-marketing campaigns
- COD (cash on delivery)
- cohort lifetime value
- cohort report
- cohort retention curves
- cohorts
- collaborative filtering
- collection pages
- commercial calendar
- commission structure
- committed monthly recurring revenue (CMRR)
- community commerce
- community drops
- comparison feed
- compatibility & spare parts
- competitive intelligence tools
- competitor assortment gap
- competitor availability monitoring
- competitor content analysis
- competitor delivery tracking
- competitor price index
- competitor promotion tracking
- competitor share of voice
- complaints (claims)
- composable architecture
- composable commerce
- conditional free shipping
- conditional logic (forms)
- configurable products
- connection pooling
- consent management platform (CMP)
- consent mode
- consignment & commission models
- consolidated shipping
- contactless delivery
- content A/B testing
- content calendar
- content commerce
- content delivery network (CDN)
- content freshness
- content localization
- content management system (CMS)
- content personalization engine
- content reusability
- content workflow
- contextual commerce
- contextual recommendations
- contextual targeting
- continuous deployment
- contract management
- contribution margin
- contribution margin by channel
- conversational commerce
- conversion
- conversion modeling
- conversion path analysis
- conversion rate by device
- conversion rate by source
- cookie consent banner
- cookie lifetime
- cookieless tracking
- cookies & consent banners
- cooperative advertising
- copy testing
- Core Web Vitals
- cost per acquisition (CPA)
- cost per click (CPC)
- cost per conversion
- cost per impression (CPM)
- cost per order
- cost-plus pricing
- coupon restrictions
- coupon stacking
- CPS/CPA partner program
- crawl budget (store)
- Criteo integration
- CRM automation
- CRM for e-commerce
- CRM segmentation
- CRO (conversion rate optimization)
- cross-border e-commerce
- cross-border taxes & duties
- cross-device tracking
- cross-docking
- cross-platform analytics
- cross-sell affinity score
- cross-sell conversion rate
- cross-selling
- crowdfunded pre-order
- crowdsourced reviews
- CSP (Content Security Policy)
- CSS optimization
- currency & language localization
- customer acquisition cost (CAC)
- customer credit limit
- customer lifetime value (CLV)
- customer segmentation
- customer service SLA
- customs clearance
- cycle counting
D
- D2C (direct-to-consumer)
- DAM (Digital Asset Management)
- data layer
- data-driven attribution
- database backup
- dead stock
- deal velocity
- decision tree (customer service)
- dedicated account manager
- deep linking (app)
- default sorting
- defect rate
- deferred revenue
- delivery address validation
- delivery appointment booking
- delivery capacity planning
- delivery carbon footprint
- delivery density
- delivery ETA
- delivery exception handling
- delivery failure rate
- delivery instructions
- delivery notification
- delivery performance dashboard
- delivery promise
- delivery route optimization
- delivery scheduling
- delivery slot availability
- delivery success rate
- delivery time windows
- delivery zone mapping
- demand forecasting
- demand sensing
- digital merchandising
- digital share of shelf
- digital wallets (Apple/Google Pay)
- discount codes
- disposal / eco logistics for returns
- distributed order management
- DMARC/DKIM/SPF
- dock scheduling
- domain authority (DA)
- domain reputation
- door-to-door delivery
- double opt-in
- double-loop learning
- downloadable files (manuals)
- downtime monitoring
- DPA (dynamic product ads)
- DPIA (data protection impact assessment)
- draft order
- drip campaigns
- drop rate (delivery)
- dropship SLAs
- dropshipping
- duplicate customer detection
- duplicate offers
- duplicate product content
- durable identifiers (hashed email)
- dynamic pricing
- dynamic retargeting
E
- e-commerce
- e-commerce back office
- e-commerce blog
- e-commerce brand book
- e-commerce chatbot
- e-commerce flywheel
- e-commerce glossary
- e-commerce governance
- e-commerce KPIs
- e-commerce lead magnet
- e-commerce SEO
- E-E-A-T in product copy
- e-procurement integrations
- e-receipt
- EAN/GTIN
- early access
- eco certifications
- eco-friendly packaging
- EDI (electronic data interchange)
- email deliverability
- emission offset
- enhanced ecommerce (GA4)
- EOQ (economic order quantity)
- ERP integrations
- EU VAT validation
- event tracking (GA4)
- executive dashboard
- experiment hypotheses
- extended warranties
F
- Facebook/Instagram catalog
- faceted filtering
- faceted navigation indexing
- FIFO (first in, first out)
- file compression
- fill rate
- filter analytics
- filter combination analysis
- final sale items
- financial reconciliation
- findability score
- first contentful paint (FCP)
- first input delay (FID)
- first interaction attribution
- first order discount
- first purchase conversion
- first response time
- first-click attribution
- first-party cookies
- first-party data
- fiscalization
- Fitts’s law
- flash sale
- form validation
- fraud detection
- free gift (GWP)
- Free Shipping Day(s)
- free shipping thresholds in cart
- free-shipping thresholds
- fulfillment
- fulfillment by marketplace (FBA/FBM)
- fulfillment center
- full-text search
- funnel conversion rate
- funnel drop-off analysis
- funnel visualization
- fuzzy tolerance (fuzzy search)
G
- GA4 custom reports
- GA4 e-commerce events
- GA4 explorations
- GA4 user properties
- gamification (badges, points)
- gamified checkout
- gap analysis
- gap fill (inventory)
- gated content
- gateway timeout handling
- GDPR
- GDPR compliance checker
- gender-neutral sizing
- generative AI product descriptions
- geo experiments
- geo-blocking
- geo-fencing
- geo-restricted promos
- geo-targeting
- geographic expansion
- geolocation detection
- ghost inventory
- gift bundles
- gift cards
- gift message
- gift receipt
- gift registry
- gift wrapping
- giveaway campaigns
- global navigation
- GMV (gross merchandise value)
- go-to-market strategy
- goal completion rate
- Google Analytics 4 (GA4)
- Google Business Profile integration
- Google Local Inventory Ads
- Google Merchant Center
- Google Shopping campaigns
- graduated pricing
- graduated shipping rates
- granular permissions
- green logistics
- gross margin
- gross margin return on investment (GMROI)
- gross profit
- gross to net revenue
- group buying
- group product (parent/child)
- growth accounting
- growth experiments
- growth hacking
- growth loop
- growth metrics tree
- growth roadmap
- guest checkout
- guest order tracking
- guided navigation
- guided selling
H
- halo effect (promotions)
- hard bounce
- harmonized tariff codes
- hash routing
- header bidding
- headless commerce
- heatmaps & click maps
- help center
- hero banner
- hero product strategy
- Hick’s law
- hidden B2B catalog
- hierarchical navigation
- high availability (HA)
- high-margin products
- high-performing SKUs
- high-risk transaction
- historical pricing data
- hold for pickup
- holdout group
- holdout testing
- home delivery slot
- homepage personalization
- hook products
- horizontal scaling
- hotjar integration
- hotlink protection
- hover state (product)
- HS code
- HTML minification
- HTTP/2 push
- HTTP/3 support
- hub-and-spoke fulfillment
- hybrid cloud infrastructure
- hybrid search (keyword + AI)
- hyper-local delivery
- hyper-personalization
- hypothesis-driven development
- hypothetical cart
I
- ideal customer profile (ICP)
- idle inventory cost
- iframe checkout
- image alt text optimization
- image carousels
- image CDN
- image compression
- image format negotiation
- image lazy loading
- image optimization (WebP/AVIF)
- image zoom functionality
- immersive product experience
- impact analysis
- import duty calculator
- impression share
- impulse buy zone
- in-app purchases
- in-cart upsell
- in-market audiences
- in-season replenishment
- in-stock rate
- in-store availability
- inbound logistics
- incentive alignment
- Incoterms
- infinite scroll vs pagination
- influencer marketing
- influencer pre-sale
- influencer UGC codes
- instant transfer
- internal linking (store)
- international address formats
- IVR for orders
K
L
- last-click attribution
- last-mile delivery
- late shipment rate
- lifestyle photography
- lifetime value (LTV)
- lift tests
- limited editions
- limited pre-sale
- list hygiene (cleaning)
- listing fees
- listing hijacking
- live chat
- live commerce
- local carriers
- local payment methods
- location-based ETA
- long-tail keywords
- lookalike audiences
- loyalty program
M
- m-commerce (mobile commerce)
- macro-conversion
- MAP (minimum advertised price)
- marketing attribution
- marketing automation
- marketplace
- marketplace 1P vs 3P
- marketplace API integrations
- marketplace commission
- marketplace compliance
- marketplace promotions
- marketplace seller onboarding
- media budget
- members club signup
- MER (media efficiency ratio)
- metric guardrails
- micro-conversion
- microcopy in store
- mini-cart (drawer)
- minification & bundling
- minimum MOQs
- MMM (marketing mix modeling)
- mobile push
- MSRP
- multi-currency
- multi-origin shipping
- multi-step checkout
- multi-use coupons
- multi-user B2B accounts
- multi-warehouse routing
- multichannel
- multivariate testing (MVT)
- mystery box
N
O
- offer ranking
- omnichannel
- OMS (Order Management System)
- one-step checkout
- online claim status
- online contracts & agreements
- online installments
- online outlet
- online price negotiation
- online store
- online VAT invoice
- online/offline data join
- onsite search
- onsite surveys (NPS/CSAT)
- order fulfillment rate
- order notes
- order statuses
- order webhooks
- OSS/IOSS (EU VAT)
- out-of-stock alerts
P
- packshot photography
- palletization & dimensions
- parcel locker (automated)
- pay-by-link
- payment field masking
- payment gateway (PSP)
- payment methods
- PCI DSS compliance
- PDP content score
- PDP FAQ
- PDP infographics
- performance budget
- Performance Max for retail
- personalization
- personalized bundles
- picking/packing
- PIM (Product Information Management)
- Pinterest Product Pins
- PLA (product listing ads)
- policy strikes (marketplace)
- POS integrations
- post-purchase account creation
- post-purchase NPS
- post-sale outlet
- pre-order
- predictive scoring
- price anchoring
- price comparison engine
- price drop alert
- price intelligence
- price transparency
- pricing engine
- privacy policy
- Privacy Sandbox
- product catalog
- product comparisons
- product configurator
- product content
- product content syndication
- product data enrichment
- product description translation
- product detail page (PDP)
- product exchange
- product feed
- product listing
- product microsite
- product personalization (engraving/print)
- product quiz
- product recommendations
- product subscriptions
- product variant
- product video
- promo calendar
- promo terms
- promotion engine
- propensity to buy
- PSD2 / SCA
- PSP integrations
- psychological pricing
- punchout catalog
- purchase funnel
- purchase intent
- purchase protection insurance
- PWA (progressive web app)
Q
R
- re-order (repeat purchase)
- real-time social proof
- recommendation rules
- recurring orders (autoship)
- referral program
- refurbished
- remarketing
- repricing
- reserve in store
- response macros
- responsive design
- retention
- retention email
- return policy
- returns
- reverse logistics
- review moderation
- reviews & ratings
- RFM analysis
- RFQ (request for quote)
- rich snippets (price, availability, review)
- RMA (return merchandise authorization)
- ROAS
- roles & permissions
S
- safety data sheets (MSDS)
- safety stock
- sales live streaming
- same-day delivery
- sample pack
- satisfaction monitoring (CSAT)
- scarcity (limited availability)
- search logs
- search ranking
- seasonal sales
- second-hand / recommerce
- segmented price lists
- self-service returns
- seller panel
- seller rating
- seller rating SLA
- seller verification
- serial numbers
- server-side tagging
- session replay
- ship-from-store
- shipment tracking
- shipping cost
- shipping insurance
- shipping integrator
- shipping labels
- shoppable posts
- shoppable video
- shrinkage
- single-use coupons
- SKU
- SMS marketing
- social commerce
- social product tagging
- sorting & filtering
- SPA vs MPA (store)
- split shipment
- sprites & SVG icons
- SSCC labels
- SSL certificate
- SSR/SSG in headless
- star rating
- statutory warranty
- stock availability
- stock reservations (allocations)
- store audit
- store terms & conditions
- structured data (schema.org)
- subscription boxes
- supplier lead time
- supplier SLAs
- synonyms & lemmatization